© by Raytheon
POSITION (latitude N or S and longitude W or E)
Latitude only, N/S – QUADRANT - known already in ancient Geece
Llatitude N/S and Logitude W/E – SEXTANT + CHRONOMETER (XVIII century – Europe) Chronometer was used first (on the sea) by James Cook during his second trip 1772-75
RADIOLOCATION (XX century ~1930)
Loran system (Loran-A, then Loran-C) - II world war (radiolocation for long range)
SATNAV – 1964 (USA, first GPS)
GPS NAVSTAR – 1973 (500m, 100m selected availability switched off by 1st May 2000, accuracy 4-12m)
Glonas – 1976 (Russian system)
DGPS ~1980s – accuracy up to few millimeters (for geodesy applications)
Beidou (2000 - ??) – Chinese satelite system
Galileo (ESA) – 2005-2012 (accuracy up to 50cm) – European system (with participation of China, Israel, India, Marocco, Saudi Arabia, South Korea
IRNSS - Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System 2006 – 2014 (India + 2000 km arround)
COMPASS • ROT • AUTOPILOT • STEERING • RAI • RADAR • ECDIS • SPEEDLOG
ECHOSOUNDER • DGPS • AIS • WIND • GMDSS • MULTI • VDR • SAILOR